While strangely unpopular here, Yasha Levine's[0] well documented premise is that the entire existence of the internet is designed for surveillance and content control, down to the chip level, and this is mandated and enforced through laws as well as more covert agreements.

[0] https://www.amazon.com/Surveillance-Valley-Military-History-...

The largest technology companies are headquartered in USA and have extensive ties with the US state??? I don't understand how you can think Europe, Africa, Australia, Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea are unable to develop comparable technology, it's simply that the market opportunities are gobbled up by behemoths grown where the internet was invented backed by US diplomacy.

Anyways, you can read more here: https://www.amazon.com/Surveillance-Valley-Military-History-...

How much do you believe what this book (by Yasha Levine, writer for Wired, New York Observer, etc) states — that Tor is funded by the CIA and has backdoors?

https://www.amazon.com/Surveillance-Valley-Military-History-...

Not exactly what you described, but overviews DoD role in development of internet technologies and SV: https://www.amazon.com/Surveillance-Valley-Military-History-...

For the darker aspects of Internet history, read 'Surveillance Valley' by Yasha Levine: https://www.amazon.com/Surveillance-Valley-Military-History-...