Finally an HN question that I can respond to!

I would recommend reading this book for a very good, but broad and high level intro:

http://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Materials-Management-Tony...

This will cover topics like BOMs, MOQ, Safety Stock, Inventory strategy, warehousing etc.

Next I would recommend reading up on the following phrases: "product development" and "new product introduction" / "NPI"

http://www.amazon.com/Best-Practices-New-Product-Introductio...

http://www.amazon.com/Principles-Product-Development-Flow-Ge...

Lean training/reading never hurts either. Note: this is supply chain lean vs "lean start up".

http://www.amazon.com/Lean-Dummies-Natalie-J-Sayer/dp/111811...