While not universal, I do recommend Charles Petzold's _Code_:

https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/44882.Code

which covers things down to a quite low-level and was recently updated:

https://www.amazon.com/Code-Language-Computer-Hardware-Softw...

Maybe start by reading the book Code by Charles Petzold.

https://www.amazon.com/Code-Language-Computer-Hardware-Softw...

This is written for young people, but still accurate: Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software by Charles Petzold

Link: https://www.amazon.com/Code-Language-Computer-Hardware-Softw...

It's got a very slow, methodical onramp with a lot of diagrams and a light, breezy style. You end up building a (very simple) computer in the end, including instruction processing.

I liked "Code" by Charles Petzold - https://www.amazon.com/Code-Language-Computer-Hardware-Softw...