Anyone interested in category theory might be interested in the brand new book The Joy of Abstraction: An Exploration of Math, Category Theory, and Life by Eugenia Cheng.

https://www.amazon.com/Joy-Abstraction-Exploration-Category-...

Then there's of course the classic introduction Conceptual Mathematics by Lawvere and Schanuel.

https://www.amazon.com/Conceptual-Mathematics-First-Introduc...

How about this: https://www.amazon.com/Conceptual-Mathematics-First-Introduc...

Is this like the approach you have in mind? https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/052171916X/