You can listen to Edward Feser on youtube for some the reasoning behind Catholic dogma.
Catholics as a group don't "ignore all the counterarguments". So for example, Ed Feser recently published a book presenting five arguments for the existence of God (https://www.amazon.co.uk/Five-Proofs-Existence-Edward-Feser/...). The book responds to the various counterarguments that atheists and agnostics usually make to these arguments. You might not be convinced by the responses, but the counterarguments are not ignored.
Again, I am not trying to argue here that Catholicism can ultimately be rationally justified. I'm not a Catholic, and it's not particularly important to me whether it can or can't be. But it's unfair to caricature Catholics as a group as irrational faith heads (though no doubt some individuals may meet this description).
Aristotle would disagree:
* https://tofspot.blogspot.com/2014/07/first-way-some-backgrou...
* https://tofspot.blogspot.com/2014/08/first-way-moving-tale.h...
* https://tofspot.blogspot.com/2014/09/first-way-part-ii-two-l...
* https://tofspot.blogspot.com/2014/10/first-way-part-iii-big-...
> The only absolute laws are the laws of physics.
Then you're left with explaining the laws of physics and why they exist. Those laws are contingent after all. See Aquinas's "argument from contingency" (though not the general cosmological argument or Kalām variant, which are not very good) as well as Leibniz:
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_argument#Argument...
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_sufficient_reason
For a fuller treatment see Feser:
* https://www.amazon.com/Five-Proofs-Existence-Edward-Feser/dp...