I personally found utilitarianism and kantianism very helpful schools of philosophy to think about the implication of AI. In short, Utilitarianism promotes decisions that benefits the greatest number of people. Whereas, kantianism focuses on the idea that people should be always treated with dignity and respect. Michael Sandel's book "Justice" is a great introduction to the topic. [1] https://www.amazon.com/Justice-Whats-Right-Thing-Do/dp/03745...

I think this book did a pretty good job for me of justifying equality from a philosophical perspective: http://www.amazon.co.uk/Justice-Whats-Right-Thing-Do/dp/0141...