A good book on brain hacks like the aforementioned spaced repetition is "Mind Performance Hacks": http://www.amazon.com/Mind-Performance-Hacks-Tools-Overclock...
And another good read is "Pragmatic Thinking and Learning": http://pragprog.com/book/ahptl/pragmatic-thinking-and-learni...
You can also try this site: http://lesswrong.com This is a good section to start from: http://wiki.lesswrong.com/wiki/The_Science_of_Winning_at_Lif... Be warned, though. The writing on this site is heavily influenced by AI research so it tends to be somewhat... Vulcan, which can can be good or bad depending on your preferences.
There's too much to quote here, but the basic premise is:
Learn to avoid 15 mental mistakes that distort your emotions and further distort your thinking
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https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/mind-performance-hacks/...
https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/mind-hacks/0596007795/
The first covers techniques you seem to be curious about, and more.