For algo/datastructures, CLRS (http://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-Thomas-H-Corme...) is the gold standard.

For OS's, Tanenbaum (http://www.amazon.com/Modern-Operating-Systems-Andrew-Tanenb...) is popular.

'Math' is broad - if I can recommend only one book to cover all of Math I'd probably say 'The Road to Reality' (http://www.amazon.com/The-Road-Reality-Complete-Universe/dp/...). More practically (for the subset of math most programmers are likely to care about), you'll do fine with one good discrete math book and one linear algebra book. Throw in one each on Stats, Abstract Algebra, Calc (up to ~diffeq), and Real Analysis (in roughly that order) if you're a bit more ambitious ;-)

>And how exactly does having a microkernel fix the problem of having a stable driver API? Drivers must be written to some framework.

at this stage i will refer you to, ironically, Andy's book:

http://www.amazon.com/Modern-Operating-Systems-3rd-Edition/d...

One book many engineers have cut their teeth on for OS would be Andrew Tanenbaum's Modern Operating Systems, 3rd ed.

http://www.amazon.com/Modern-Operating-Systems-Andrew-Tanenb...

Either I'm missing something or this tutorial is seriously lacking.

I'd much recommend Tannenbeum's classic text that covers implementing Minix: http://www.amazon.com/Operating-Systems-Implementation-Prent...

But since this text is rather old, it doesn't have some of the later developments in OS. So for that additional material, I'd recommend his latest book to have at your side: http://www.amazon.com/Modern-Operating-Systems-Andrew-Tanenb...

OSDI (2nd) was written in 1997, perhaps you were thinking of this? http://www.amazon.com/Modern-Operating-Systems-3rd-GOAL/dp/0...

Minix 3 is a whole different ball game though. It's an interesting kernel with some interesting ideas, but I still recommend Linux as it's both more popular and reflects the majority of UNIX design decisions today. Even the OSs with praise for microkernel design tend to incorporate a number of monolithic features.

EDIT: Sorry! I had no idea there was a Third Edition of OSDI out http://www.pearsonhighered.com/educator/academic/product/0,,.... However, I should mention that I meant those Linux books to be read in conjunction with the kernel code -- the book is still valid today despite the additions to the kernel in the past couple years.