It seems to me reasonable to say that the physical sciences can, for example, lend very little or no credence to the claim that Jesus of Nazareth was the long expected Messiah of the Jews, i.e. because a judgment on the matter seems rather outside their scope.
But let's consider a different claim: that the existence of God, the origin and end of all things, can be known with certainty by the natural light of reason.
To develop the idea we might reasonably consider whether any of the loftier domains of the physical sciences, e.g. physical cosmology, can tell us anything about God's existence. Fr. Robert Spitzer, S.J.[1] (among others), has been writing[2] and speaking articulately on the subject for a number of years, and a fair bit of his material is freely available online[3].
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Spitzer_(priest)
[2] http://www.amazon.com/New-Proofs-Existence-God-Contributions...
Fr. Robert Spitzer, S.J.[1] does a fine job of exploring evidence for God's existence from modern science[2]. Many notable scientists were/are persons of faith[3].
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Spitzer_%28priest%29
[2] http://www.amazon.com/New-Proofs-Existence-God-Contributions...
[&] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mkjhxzqr-5k
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Catholic_scientists
The lecture was a shortened presentation of the ideas explained in his recent book New Proofs for the Existence of God: Contributions of Contemporary Physics and Philosophy[2].
Fr. Spitzer has recorded a number of videos presenting the same or related ideas, which are freely available online[3].
For background on the "Abrahamic" concepts, from a Christian perspective, there is a fine article[4] in the old Catholic Encyclopedia. As it was authored circa 1913, it doesn't take into consideration developments in modern physical cosmology or quantum mechanics, but is still a good resource.
A friend of mine told me about another author, Wolfgang Smith[5], who holds that the conundrums involved in quantum mechanics are owing to "Cartesian hangups", and goes on to argue that an ontology and metaphysics grounded in Aristotle provide a kind of solution. He published a book[6] to promote those ideas, but I've not read it myself so can't comment further.
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Spitzer_(priest)
[2] http://www.amazon.com/New-Proofs-Existence-God-Contributions...
[3] http://www.magisreasonfaith.org/spitzer_videos.html
[4] http://oce.catholic.com/index.php?title=Creation
[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Smith
[6] http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Enigma-Finding-Hidden-Key/dp/0...
From Nothing to Cosmos: God and Science
http://www.magiscenter.com/pdf/FNTC_Study_Guide.pdf
Science, God and Creation [video]
http://www.magiscenter.com/science-god-creation-video/
New Proofs for the Existence of God: Contributions of Contemporary Physics and Philosophy
http://www.amazon.com/New-Proofs-Existence-God-Contributions...
Introducing Bernard Lonergan’s Philosophical Proof for God
http://www.strangenotions.com/tag/bernard-lonergan/ (scroll down for the link to part 1 of the series)
His arguments largely build on the assumptions that General Relativity accurately describes the macro-scale universe and that the telescope data backing the Lambda-CDM model[2] are being interpreted correctly. However, that's a starting point familiar to most who work in the field of physical cosmology, so I don't think they're unreasonable assumptions to start out.
Also, his arguments are certainly not beyond criticism, but Fr. Spitzer is intellectually honest and overall he offers a great deal of good food for thought.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Spitzer_(priest)
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda-CDM_model