Install Visual Studio Community edition. You could learn C# from the command line, but this gives you a great IDE and debugger: https://www.visualstudio.com/products/visual-studio-communit...
In the early days of learning c#, you'll value that debugger.
2. Language.
Learning the language in isolation isn't very useful -- it's the dotnet libraries which give the real power of course. Everyone will have their own favourites for texts, but the one I used for myself and my teams over the years is "Learning c#" by Jesse Liberty. The first version, c#1.0. (IMO, the later books which were co-authored were not up to the standards of the first one; they tend to muddle and wander. Most of what you learn will apply, and once you feel like you've got your sea legs, you can grab a tutorial for an up-to-date version (c#6) and learn about the changes.)
http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Building-Applications-Jess...
You have two problems to tackle, as I see it: 1) building and environment 2) learning the language
1. Download Sun VirtualBox (free). Set up a virtual machine with your favorite build of windows (windows 10 preview is free) @http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/preview-iso
Install Visual Studio Community edition. You could learn C# from the command line, but this gives you a great IDE and debugger: https://www.visualstudio.com/products/visual-studio-communit... In the early days of learning c#, you'll value that debugger.
2. Language. Learning the language in isolation isn't very useful -- it's the dotnet libraries which give the real power of course. Everyone will have their own favourites for texts, but the one I used for myself and my teams over the years is "Learning c#" by Jesse Liberty. The first version, c#1.0. (IMO, the later books which were co-authored were not up to the standards of the first one; they tend to muddle and wander. Most of what you learn will apply, and once you feel like you've got your sea legs, you can grab a tutorial for an up-to-date version (c#6) and learn about the changes.) http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Building-Applications-Jess...
Best of luck to you!