Leaving out AI, Robin Hanson has an entire book on what happens when we "only" start to emulate existing human thought in machines, what he calls "ems". Given only that, no new algorithms, just an increase in speed, he goes into some detail predicting economic effects.[0][1]

[0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XP-p-O200jo

[1] https://www.amazon.com/Age-Em-Work-Robots-Earth/dp/019875462...