And elsewhere, dogs have been bred for their appearance at the expense of their health or functional traits, on the whims of people running competitions.

See, for example: https://www.amazon.com/Dog-Wars-Border-Battled-American/dp/0...

https://www.amazon.com/Dog-Wars-Border-Battled-American/dp/0...

Border collies were extremely functional dogs, and a subset of border collie owners did not at all want their dog breed to be part of the American Kennel Club, lest they start being bred for appearance or some other random irrelevant attribute.