Science does not rely on induction. Yes, I know you can find many sources that say otherwise, but they are wrong. Read this:

https://www.amazon.com/Fabric-Reality-Parallel-Universes-Imp...

especially chapter 7.

Explaining what an explanatory theory is won't fit in an HN comment. I'll have to refer you to David Deutsch [1] (or Karl Popper) for that.

[1] https://www.amazon.com/Fabric-Reality-Parallel-Universes-Imp...

Deutsch only has one book out, which is very good. My only warning is that half of it is sort of off topic (physics, virtual reality, computation, time travel). But that's ok, because of the density of ideas fit into each chapter.

http://www.amazon.com/Fabric-Reality-Parallel-Universes-Impl...

Popper has lots of books. Maybe The Myth of the Framework is a good choice. As I recall, it has content from lectures he gave to people not already familiar with his philosophy, so those parts are especially clear and accessible.

Proposing an actual moral goal is tricky, because we have to be careful to keep separate the issues of whether there are true moral ideas, and whether my particular idea is true. And very strictly, my idea will not be true. It will have truth to it, but not be perfect. Which may be a confusing concept, because the prevailing epistemology says that knowledge is "justified, true belief" by which it means 100% absolutely, perfectly true. That perspective discounts any possibility of "partial truths" as knowledge. Further, it encourages people to believe they possess (final, certain) truths. But I don't claim to have any of those, nor do I think one can have those.

If you're OK with all that, I can tell you some tentative guesses at moral truths.

That book is mistaken (it goes so far as to deny the possibility of scientific progress), see instead The Fabric of Reality which comments on Kuhn and provides a better theory.

http://www.amazon.com/Fabric-Reality-Parallel-Universes-Impl...

Edit: btw you got the title wrong.

If you really want to understand, read the second chapter of this book:

http://www.amazon.com/Fabric-Reality-Parallel-Universes-Impl...

Just the second chapter isn't too long, and should help tremendously.