Gets deep into this part of history, and goes deep into what was shared between companies and research as well.
The answer is... both. Yes, DARPA wanted a self-repairing communications network but the computer hackers at MIT, Harvard, Utah, and the Bay Area would have likely produced something very similar without government being involved. One interesting legacy from the DARPA funding is the RFC nomenclature: the students designing TCP/IP couldn't "specify" anything without risking their funding, so a public "Request For Comment" was a way to publish how they were implementing things -- and how others would need to do it also if they wanted to be compatible.
Let me quote the title of the link above: "Number of people SHOT TO DEATH BY THE POLICE in the United States in 2017-2018, as of June, by race".
Exposure to "toxic substances"? I don't think so.
Also, tech industry != "the internet".
If you're really interested in having a debate, go ahead and read Emily's book. Seriously.
While you're at it, "The Innovators" [1] is also a good read, and it'll be helpful to understand that the roots of our "tech industry" really started 100+ years ago, with a disproportional growth starting several decades before Larry and Sergey even got admitted to kindergarten...
The gender disparity we're seeing today is the consequence of several decades of systemic and widespread conscious and unconscious biases, that have shaped the perception of an entire generation.
Once you refine your understanding and start paying attention, you can see it everywhere. And unfortunately it'll take decades to fix.
[1] https://www.amazon.com/Innovators-Hackers-Geniuses-Created-R...
I read it when it came out and was really inspired.
[Link to Amazon] --> http://amzn.to/2zINlfi
http://www.amazon.com/The-Innovators-Hackers-Geniuses-Revolu...
- Robert X. Cringely's book "Accidential Empires" is definitely dated but you can read most of the chapters on his blog here: http://www.cringely.com/tag/accidental-empires/
- Cringely also did a three part special back in the 90s that I like revisiting every once in a while. Again, pretty dated but entertaining nevertheless: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HuBXbvl1Sg4
- Skip the newer Steve Jobs movies and watch the history of Apple and Microsoft with Pirates of Silicon Valley. It's said to be mostly accurate: http://www.veoh.com/watch/v46093745wbEGkakh
- Kind of random but if you want a look back at what the 90s tech bubble was like then watch Startup.com: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibuiUXOTE4M
The stories of Xerox PARC, Doug Englebart and others are really amazing. I myself would be (if I were a lot smarter) the Woz, not the Jobs......