Some that come to mind:

Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas https://www.amazon.com/Fear-Loathing-Las-Vegas-American/dp/0...

Under the Volcano https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/jan/05/100-best-novel...

All the kinds horses https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/all-kings-horses

The Sorrows of Young Werther https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sorrows_of_Young_Werther

The Catcher in the Rye https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye

The Outsider https://www.amazon.com/Outsider-Colin-Wilson/dp/0874772060

Meetings With Remarkable Men https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3064956-meetings-with-re...

On the road https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Road

Fight Club https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight_Club

Naked Lunch https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naked_Lunch

Ham on Rye https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ham_on_Rye

Jonathan Livingston Seagull https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Livingston_Seagull

Another Roadside Attraction https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Another_Roadside_Attraction

Anyone interested in outsiders would do well to read Colin Wilson's "The Outsider".[1] It's a fascinating study of outsiders in literature, philosophy, and history, and an exploration of what makes them who they are.

More recently, Gary Lachman has picked up the torch, and has written on many Wilsonian subjects, including a biography of Colin Wilson, about which he speaks here: [2][3]

Howard Dossor's retrospective on Colin Wilson is also interesting.[4]

[1] - https://www.amazon.com/Outsider-Colin-Wilson/dp/0874772060

[2] - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPm0Bi5nt_o

[3] - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-MrjJJXRgk

[4] - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHIOXNxZgOo

>>>I'd like to imagine that most artists are relatively well-adjusted.

Keep imagining. But great ones aren't. Go read:

Touched with Fire: Manic-Depressive Illness and the Artistic Temperament by Kay Redfield Jamison http://www.amazon.com/Touched-With-Fire-ebook/dp/B001D1YCM2

The Outsider by Colin Wilson http://www.amazon.com/The-Outsider-Colin-Wilson/dp/087477206...

The Price of Greatness: Resolving the Creativity and Madness Controversy by Arnold M. Ludwig http://www.amazon.com/The-Price-Greatness-Creativity-Controv...

EDIT to add: Why Jobs stood out is because the closest equivalent to what he was is a film director. But business is not set up to hand out accolades like Hollywood does. So instead of everyone learning who did what in Apple -- as with film we find out about sound editors, foley artists, etc, etc. -- we just get the face of Jobs.