Affecting drivers at the petrol station is exactly what needs to happen. Pricing in externalities is how free markets deal with the effects of behavior.

If prices increase, demand will fall, and the price will fall, and a new equilibrium will be arrived at.

I'd like to recommend taking a look at The Undercover Economist. It can be had for cheap.

https://www.amazon.com/Undercover-Economist-Tim-Harford/dp/0...

I think your heart is in the right place, but your economics are off - by a lot.

It's hard to rectify that in a quick comment though, as it's a complicated, interesting and fascinating subject.

Just to pick one thing, you mention 'efficiency'. Capitalism is not very efficient in a lot of ways. However, it happens to be more efficient for large groups of people than all the other systems people have tried, if you don't mind me poaching Churchill's quote about democracy.

And another: money. Money is merely a means of trading scarce goods. Looking at it as a problem is a red herring. The actual problem is the availability and distribution of scarce resources like food and shelter and iphones and other things people want.

Here's a book I'm fond of - it's fairly mainstream economics.

http://www.amazon.com/The-Undercover-Economist-Tim-Harford/d...

He's written another one lately about macroeconomics which is pretty good as well:

http://www.amazon.com/The-Undercover-Economist-Strikes-Back/...