There were of course a lot of things of smaller scope to be done, and the unification of EM and the weak nuclear force was in the future, as well as the imperfect Standard Model that adds the strong nuclear force, and we still haven't unified gravity and the other three fundamental forces, but programming was wide open, and what you could do was rapidly improving as the machines were rapidly becoming faster and bigger. ADDED: For example, the Electrologica X1 he did his Ph.D. thesis on was solid state, as in completely transistorized (no vacuum tubes) and had magnetic core memory, both major advances in the '50s.
Heck, my calling was science, and I was strongly on that track as of 1968, but computers nonetheless gained a lot of my attention starting in the mid-late '70s, as they did for Feynman starting with the Manhattan Project when "computers" were the operators of 10 digit electromechanical scientific calculators.
See, for example:
>One, Two, Three... Infinity: Facts and Speculations of Science (1947)
https://www.amazon.com/One-Two-Three-Infinity-Speculations/d...
PDF: https://archive.org/details/OneTwoThreeInfinity_158
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>Thirty Years that Shook Physics: The Story of Quantum Theory (1966)
https://www.amazon.com/Thirty-Years-that-Shook-Physics/dp/04...
PDF: https://archive.org/details/ThirtyYearsThatShookPhysics-TheB...